Environment and Economy: Main Indicators - Years 2021-2023

In the two-year period 2022-2023, the main environmental accounts’ physical flows indicators decrease against the increase in GDP in volume.

2023 shows an absolute decoupling: GDP grows by +0.7% and all three main physical flows indicators decrease: net energy consumption drops by 4.1%, Greenhouse gas emissions by 5.3% and Domestic material consumption by 6.4%.

In 2022, with a GDP growth by 4.7%, only net energy consumption drops (-3.1%), while Domestic material consumption shows a relative decoupling (+1.3%), similarly to Greenhouse gas emissions, remaining stable.

In 2022, the value of goods and services produced by the economy for environmental protection rose to 79.9 billion (+40.6%), the Expenditure on environmental protection to 51.4 billion (+9.4%), while Environmental Tax Revenue fell to 45.4 billion (-18.9%), to rise again in 2023.